IoTCloudDesign

Environmental Sensor Network

Year2023
Duration5 months
RoleFull-Stack Engineer — Hardware to Cloud
Environmental Sensor Network — Hero Image
Problem

Agricultural monitoring required manual data collection across 500+ acres — impractical and unreliable.

Solution

LoRa mesh network with solar-powered sensor nodes. Cloud platform auto-generates actionable alerts.

Outcome

100% coverage with 2-year battery life. Water usage optimized by 30%.

Overview

Precision agriculture depends on granular environmental data, but running power and connectivity to hundreds of field locations is impractical. I designed a self-sustaining sensor mesh that covers entire farms with zero infrastructure requirements.

Process

01

Field Assessment

Surveyed 3 farms (200–800 acres) to understand terrain, crop types, and existing irrigation systems. Key constraints: no grid power, cellular dead zones, harsh weather exposure, and minimal maintenance budget.

02

Node Hardware

Custom PCB with soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and light sensors. LoRa SX1276 radio with 2km line-of-sight range. Solar panel + LiFePO4 battery with MPPT charging, sized for 7 days without sun. IP67 enclosure designed for stake mounting.

03

Mesh Networking

LoRa mesh protocol with automatic routing and self-healing. Gateway nodes with cellular backhaul (LTE-M) aggregate data from up to 50 sensor nodes. Time-synced duty cycling for 2-year battery life at 15-minute reporting intervals.

04

Cloud & Alerts

AWS IoT Core for ingestion, TimescaleDB for time-series storage. Next.js dashboard with field map overlay showing real-time readings. Configurable alert rules: soil moisture below threshold triggers irrigation recommendation with estimated water savings.

Gallery

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Technical Details

LoRa SX1276, 2km range, mesh topologySolar + LiFePO4, 2-year battery lifeIP67 enclosure, stake-mount designLTE-M cellular gatewayAWS IoT Core + TimescaleDBNext.js dashboard with field map overlay

My Scope

Sensor Node DesignLoRa NetworkPower ManagementAnalytics Platform